WireGuard Road Warrior Setup

Introduction

WireGuard is a simple, fast VPN protocol using modern cryptography. It aims to be faster and less complex than IPsec whilst also being a considerably more performant alternative to OpenVPN. Initially released for the Linux kernel, it is now cross-platform and widely deployable.

This how-to describes setting up a central WireGuard Instance (server) on OPNsense and configuring one or more client peers to create a tunnel to it.

Step 1 - Configure the Wireguard Instance

  • Go to VPN ‣ WireGuard ‣ Instances

  • Click + to add a new Instance configuration

  • Configure the Instance configuration as follows (if an option is not mentioned below, leave it as the default):

    Enabled

    Checked

    Name

    Call it whatever you want (eg HomeWireGuard )

    Public Key

    This will initially be blank; Press the cogwheel to auto-generate new keys.

    Private Key

    This will initially be blank; Press the cogwheel to auto-generate new keys.

    Listen Port

    51820 or a higher numbered unique port

    MTU

    1420 (default) or 1412 if you use PPPoE; it’s 80 bytes less than your WAN MTU

    Tunnel Address

    For example, 10.10.10.1/24. See note below

    Peers

    The (client) peers will be specified here; leave it blank initially until the Peer configuration is created in Step 2

    Disable Routes

    Unchecked

Note

The tunnel address must be in CIDR notation and must be a unique IP and subnet for your network, such as if it was on a physically different routed interface. The subnet should be an appropriate size that includes all the client peers that will use the tunnel. For IPv4 it should be a private (RFC1918) address, for example 10.10.10.1/24. For IPv6, it could either be a unique ULA /64 address, or a unique GUA /64 address derived from your prefix delegation. Do not use a tunnel address that is a /32 (IPv4) or a /128 (IPv6)

Note

Leave the DNS Server field (which appears if advanced mode is selected) blank. Otherwise WireGuard will overwrite OPNsense’s DNS configuration

  • Save the Instance configuration, and then click Save again

  • Re-open the Instance configuration

  • Copy the public key that has been generated in the configuration. This will be needed for the client device - see Step 6

  • Save or Cancel to exit the configuration

Step 2 - Configure the client peer

  • Go to VPN ‣ WireGuard ‣ Peers

  • Click + to add a new Peer

  • Configure the Peer as follows (if an option is not mentioned below, leave it as the default):

    Enabled

    Checked

    Name

    Call it whatever you want (eg Phone )

    Public Key

    Insert the public key from the client; if needed skip ahead and start Step 6 to generate the client public key

    Allowed IPs

    Unique tunnel IP address (IPv4 and/or IPv6) of client - it should be a /32 or /128 (as applicable) within the subnet configured on the WireGuard Instance. For example, 10.10.10.2/32

  • Save the Peer configuration, and then click Save again

  • Now go back to VPN ‣ WireGuard ‣ Instances

  • Open the Instance configuration that was created in Step 1 (eg HomeWireGuard)

  • In the Peers dropdown, select the newly created Peer (eg Phone)

  • Save the Instance configuration again, and then click Save once more

  • Repeat this Step 2 for as many clients as you wish to configure

Step 3 - Turn on/restart WireGuard

  • Turn on WireGuard under VPN ‣ WireGuard ‣ General if it is not already on (click Apply after checking the checkbox)

  • Otherwise, restart WireGuard - you can do this by turning it off and on under VPN ‣ WireGuard ‣ General (click Apply after both unchecking and checking the checkbox)

Step 4 - Assignments and routing

Note

The steps outlined in Steps 4(a) and 4(b) below may not be required at all in your circumstances. Strictly speaking, if you only intend for your clients to use the tunnel to access local IPs/subnets behind OPNsense, then neither step is actually necessary. If you intend to use the WireGuard tunnel to also access IPs outside of the local network, for example the public internet, then at least one, and perhaps both, of the steps will be required. This is explained below

However, it is useful to complete Step 4(a) anyway, for the reasons explained in that step

Step 4(b) - Create an outbound NAT rule

Hint

This step is only necessary (if at all) to allow client peers to access IPs outside of the local IPs/subnets behind OPNsense - see the note under Step 4. If an interface has already been assigned under Step 4(a), then it is not necessary for IPv4 traffic, and is only necessary for IPv6 traffic if the tunnel uses IPv6 ULAs (IPv6 GUAs don’t need NAT). So in many use cases this step can be skipped

  • Go to Firewall ‣ NAT ‣ Outbound

  • Select “Hybrid outbound NAT rule generation” if it is not already selected, and click Save and then Apply changes

  • Click Add to add a new rule

  • Configure the rule as follows (if an option is not mentioned below, leave it as the default):

    Interface

    WAN

    TCP/IP Version

    IPv4 or IPv6 (as applicable)

    Protocol

    any

    Source invert

    Unchecked

    Source address

    If you assigned an interface under Step 4(a), select the generated alias for the interface subnet(s) (eg HomeWireGuard net ) - see note below if you didn’t assign this interface

    Source port

    any

    Destination invert

    Unchecked

    Destination address

    any

    Destination port

    any

    Translation / target

    Interface address

    Description

    Add one if you wish to

  • Save the rule, and then click Apply changes

  • Restart WireGuard - you can do this by turning it off and on under VPN ‣ WireGuard ‣ General (click Apply after both unchecking and checking the checkbox)

Hint

If you didn’t assign an interface as suggested in Step 4(a), then you will need to manually specify the source IPs/subnet(s) for the tunnel (for example, 10.10.10.0/24). It’s probably easiest to define an alias (via Firewall ‣ Aliases) for those IPs/subnet(s) and use that. If you have only one WireGuard Instance and only one WireGuard Peer configured, you can use the default WireGuard net, although this is generally not recommended due to unexpected behaviour

Step 5 - Create firewall rules

This will involve two steps - first creating a firewall rule on the WAN interface to allow clients to connect to the OPNsense WireGuard server, and then creating a firewall rule to allow access by the clients to whatever IPs they are intended to have access to.

  • Go to Firewall ‣ Rules ‣ WAN

  • Click Add to add a new rule

  • Configure the rule as follows (if an option is not mentioned below, leave it as the default):

    Action

    Pass

    Quick

    Checked

    Interface

    WAN

    Direction

    in

    TCP/IP Version

    IPv4 or IPv4+IPv6 (as desired, depending on how you want clients to connect to the server; note this is distinct from what type of traffic is allowed in the tunnel once established)

    Protocol

    UDP

    Source / Invert

    Unchecked

    Source

    any

    Destination / Invert

    Unchecked

    Destination

    WAN address

    Destination port range

    The WireGuard port specified in the Instance configuration in Step 1

    Description

    Add one if you wish to

  • Save the rule, and then click Apply Changes

  • Then go to Firewall ‣ Rules ‣ [Name of interface assigned in Step 4(a)] - see note below if you didn’t assign this interface

  • Click Add to add a new rule

  • Configure the rule as follows (if an option is not mentioned below, leave it as the default):

    Action

    Pass

    Quick

    Checked

    Interface

    Whatever interface you are configuring the rule on (eg HomeWireGuard ) - see note below

    Direction

    in

    TCP/IP Version

    IPv4 or IPv4+IPv6 (as applicable)

    Protocol

    any

    Source / Invert

    Unchecked

    Source

    If you assigned an interface under Step 4(a), select the generated alias for the interface subnet(s) (eg HomeWireGuard net ) - see note below if you didn’t assign this interface

    Destination / Invert

    Unchecked

    Destination

    Specify the IPs that client peers should be able to access, eg “any” or specific IPs/subnets

    Destination port range

    any

    Description

    Add one if you wish to

  • Save the rule, and then click Apply Changes

Note

If you didn’t assign an interface as suggested in Step 4(a), then the second firewall rule outlined above will need to be configured on the automatically created WireGuard group that appears once the Instance configuration is enabled and WireGuard is started. You will also need to manually specify the source IPs/subnet(s) for the tunnel. It’s probably easiest to define an alias (via Firewall ‣ Aliases) for those IPs/subnet(s) and use that. If you have only one WireGuard Instance and only one WireGuard Peer configured, you can use the default WireGuard net, although this is generally not recommended due to unexpected behaviour

Step 5a - Create normalization rules

  • Go to Firewall ‣ Settings -> Normalization and press + to create one new normalization rule.

  • If you only pass IPv4 traffic through the wireguard tunnel, create the following rule:

    Interface

    WireGuard (Group)

    Direction

    Any

    Protocol

    any

    Source

    any

    Destination

    any

    Destination port

    any

    Description

    Wireguard MSS Clamping IPv4

    Max mss

    1380 (default) or 1372 if you use PPPoE; it’s 40 bytes less than your Wireguard MTU

  • Save the rule

  • If you pass IPv4+IPv6 - or only IPv6 traffic - through the wireguard tunnel, create the following rule:

    Interface

    WireGuard (Group)

    Direction

    Any

    Protocol

    any

    Source

    any

    Destination

    any

    Destination port

    any

    Description

    Wireguard MSS Clamping IPv6

    Max mss

    1360 (default) or 1352 if you use PPPoE; it’s 60 bytes less than your Wireguard MTU

  • Save the rule

Tip

  • The header size for IPv4 is usually 20 bytes, and for TCP 20 bytes. In total thats 40 bytes for IPv4 TCP.

  • IPv6 has a larger header size with 40 bytes. That encreases the total to 60 bytes for IPv6 TCP.

Note

By creating the normalization rules, you ensure that IPv4 TCP and IPv6 TCP can pass through the Wireguard tunnel without being fragmented. Otherwise you could get working ICMP and UDP, but some encrypted TCP sessions will refuse to work.

Step 6 - Configure the WireGuard client

Tip

Key generation can be performed on an appropriate device with WireGuard client tools installed. A one-liner for generating a matching private and public keypair is wg genkey | tee private.key | wg pubkey > public.key. Alternatively, WireGuard apps that can be used on some devices can automate key generation for you

Client configuration is largely beyond the scope of this how-to since there is such a wide array of possible targets (and corresponding configuration methods). An example client (and server) configuration is in the Appendix. The key pieces of information required to configure a client are described below:

[Interface]

Address

Refers to the IP(s) specified as Allowed IPs in the Peer configuration on OPNsense. For example, 10.10.10.2/32

PrivateKey

Refers to the private key that (along with a public key) needs to be manually or automatically generated on the client. The corresponding public key must then be copied into the Peer configuration on OPNsense for the relevant client peer - see Step 2

DNS

Refers to the DNS servers that the client should use for the tunnel - see note below

[Peer]

PublicKey

Refers to the public key that is generated on OPNsense. Copy the public key from the Instance configuration on OPNsense - see Step 1

Endpoint

Refers to the public IP address or publicly resolvable domain name of your OPNsense host, and the port specified in the Instance configuration on OPNsense

AllowedIPs

Refers to the traffic (by destination IPs/subnets) that is to be sent via the tunnel. For example, if all traffic on the client is to be sent through the tunnel, specify 0.0.0.0/0 (IPv4) and/or ::/0 (IPv6)

Note

If the DNS server(s) specified are only accessible over the tunnel, or you want them to be accessed over the tunnel, make sure they are covered by the AllowedIPs

Appendix - Example configurations

Warning

Do not re-use these example keys!

An example client configuration file:

[Interface]
PrivateKey = 8GboYh0YF3q/hJhoPFoL3HM/ObgOuC8YI6UXWsgWL2M=
Address = 10.10.10.2/32, fd00:1234:abcd:ef09:10:2/128
DNS = 192.168.1.254, fd00:1234:abcd:ef09:1:254

[Peer]
PublicKey = OwdegSTyhlpw7Dbpg8VSUBKXF9CxoQp2gAOdwgqtPVI=
AllowedIPs = 0.0.0.0/0, ::/0
Endpoint = opnsense.example.com:51820

An example server configuration file:

[Interface]
Address = 10.10.10.1/24, fd00:1234:abcd:ef09:10:1/64
ListenPort = 51820
PrivateKey = YNqHwpcAmVj0lVzPSt3oUnL7cRPKB/geVxccs0C0kk0=

[Peer]
PublicKey = CLnGaiAfyf6kTBJKh0M529MnlqfFqoWJ5K4IAJ2+X08=
AllowedIPs = 10.10.10.2/32, fd00:1234:abcd:ef09:10:2/128